![乒乓球明星技术图解](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/405/686405/b_686405.jpg)
(二)刘国梁
1.技战术实力评估指数:38.5
(1)正手进攻技术能力指数:9.5
(2)反手进攻技术能力指数:9
(3)控制技术能力指数:10
(4)技术实战能力指数:10
2.技术运用特点:快速与计算
快速是指在技术使用上,沿袭了直拍正胶打法在技术上以快制胜的特点。计算是指在比赛中对对方各种击球的可能性进行判断,并快速做出相应的技术和战术的调整,把变化做在对方还没有完全意识到之前。
刘国梁技术上有明显的特点,发球和接发球技术非常突出。其战术主要是建立在发球抢攻和接发球控制技术细腻结合的基础上。通过前4板技术中积极控制和主动上手进攻的不断交替使用,突出了旋转、速度、落点的变化。刘国梁乒乓球技术的快速特征,是建立在对比赛对手技术使用可能性进行计算基础上的。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0036_0001.jpg?sign=1739324582-cETVRmN4kgmG4jK6TUrLwRUCtM3im4q1-0-9ed1d1e51418a69025bd558af07ec1c4)
3.主要技术的实战运用解析
(1)标准侧身位正手攻球技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0037_0001.jpg?sign=1739324582-AzM0zgnHmdr5BaagqJtZpobA9G08NuJC-0-62629411ffcedb39f3b03f4636daec30)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0037_0002.jpg?sign=1739324582-15A0wi6YdqZcfh8ptEEDqgEk9zPFK8eI-0-2f28f3f36c33ac864fb4f356946ec138)
1~2准备姿势中的让位充分,引拍幅度比较大,身体重心比较低。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0037_0003.jpg?sign=1739324582-YyOnO0GfiEfg8DSYdP1V8U2WOXyx2uEZ-0-687ca271236081707dfd9590100e0e77)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0037_0004.jpg?sign=1739324582-1veJdtLBO9M0tLSv5bp35WGgRP2onamT-0-1cdcf90d18476109f95c4f588c105b0c)
3~4挥拍击球时,摩擦球的成分比较多。注意对弧线的控制。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:进攻一切可以用正手攻的来球。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:可打、可拉,具有一定杀伤力。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:低重心,身体发力,注意摩擦球。
(2)侧身位正手发侧上、下旋技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0001.jpg?sign=1739324582-uLxwmAlb8pjj6g4jrLpywE5JNMT3XdR0-0-b8da5cfb4562aa44d4a7cdd17fb9bbab)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0002.jpg?sign=1739324582-PdQxCUFfHIIFbZIAofBBUvaP9ribmJva-0-3764e4af59edba78327aac276e61010c)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0003.jpg?sign=1739324582-DO9pxpmsOsfxUy2PzFkep0wGfLomsJit-0-99db36bd1a3e21f7e826382ac81bada9)
侧上
1~3准备姿势和抛球引拍的特点是“展开”。即身体充分展开,以便身体和手臂的力量充分发挥出来。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0004.jpg?sign=1739324582-S0pNhoCGfrlhcjgJ7p3qyEQMkOGnNcwg-0-4b1cccad9536ad15067967ca50e1f436)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0005.jpg?sign=1739324582-XZBBr45qE4XgbACaSAEBkCJ1vX3R85Jl-0-2648afd400077188db7791aa22368c76)
4~5挥拍击球的特点是“快合”。即身体随手臂挥动,快速前转,发力点在胸腹前。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0039_0001.jpg?sign=1739324582-Y4oKipnA80syGgcVJscudYrd54kK21wJ-0-9a693afb540dc60ff03ed511b7f20d7c)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0039_0002.jpg?sign=1739324582-kTzLpAot1RQQTCVb8uSnVWk1ADeOOALH-0-e9a7573cf5dede9659d3039743e99c3c)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0039_0003.jpg?sign=1739324582-odHunN4CoR6MavIKH9JAH51Qu4cM236P-0-9a44968fc397ed76c5cfb76671578180)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0039_0004.jpg?sign=1739324582-Z6pHYX7tUbp261LIueqLsg0GEpHRpDQQ-0-1830fc0c854c77341a0db22bf1a336fb)
侧下
1~4准备姿势和抛球引拍动作与发侧上旋球完全一致。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0040_0001.jpg?sign=1739324582-BaJBFPhDgKknGR0ngPTULTPtwvpeGchd-0-6948f12b9e3a2608970318f215054c31)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0040_0002.jpg?sign=1739324582-7P81tZRyI2qh6xt905gceLR0twJ8Eahy-0-971d6e49c2fe1b928e32f23e61bad95b)
5~6挥拍击球动作也与发侧上旋球一致,仅通过手腕的变化,来发出侧下旋球。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:常用的发球技术。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:经常为进攻创造机会。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:动作相似性,出球快,手腕动作变化大,干扰性强。
(3)正手侧身位晃接技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0001.jpg?sign=1739324582-Yk5dKmlFAjjeI0nqYZRrswGf6R3BABYy-0-2aa238bc756c35b6e53cc7fa66bef440)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0002.jpg?sign=1739324582-nL7hr9bLZSuZyHbkBAzFUghGWQrHFpgm-0-12da857579142c555dce843d488d4894)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0003.jpg?sign=1739324582-iO3Gy1POuxnCxe7Haop2ptWXMNKfRBd8-0-f0990f3741010c26752eb829af89f4bb)
1~3侧身用正手做回摆短球时的技术动作。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0004.jpg?sign=1739324582-U1OBy4ZdxTdVbHbRlibRPcfEAv3qExwW-0-887c68ea123b748cdb8e4babf4bf86a7)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0005.jpg?sign=1739324582-ZrhkQCCcpNaqbB9j1UpFfDOWS4y5QJG0-0-26f28ed5df641a40b2b935bbfb65b4ed)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0006.jpg?sign=1739324582-rt1x6JkhK4roe8QeERWQ8CgngffM3ovu-0-a4bf822e7537f5c4f3992548e5bc9a6d)
4~6在触球时的瞬间,改变球拍的拍面方向,由面向对方反手位变成面向正手位。并向侧下方搓,使球到对方的正手位。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:回接侧身位短球。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:与其他接短球的技术结合起来,干扰和控制对方的侧身进攻意图。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:动作的相似性,触球时的转腕动作,侧搓球的中、下部。
(4)正手侧身位挑打技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0001.jpg?sign=1739324582-xweTRSwAu8lEYnvjSRQTi8uIx8eNiME6-0-2c665baaf80d43411ec7ae4603468e50)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0002.jpg?sign=1739324582-8A7mMcvPXAVRhETz4evr22fddpyiTCCq-0-45a657308d50f8f0fd1cf8c286cc44e8)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0003.jpg?sign=1739324582-CCtYH4hQBtDNxzjuhnFGbhcUgW4hLXjd-0-729e8e73c08a536032f404c4251ec8b4)
1~3技术动作与晃接时一样,做回摆短球的动作。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0004.jpg?sign=1739324582-b3tHOuIa9sItrMw4SfyYPugtr1pFzK6b-0-62cffa7171d8242e3a49db91311852a1)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0005.jpg?sign=1739324582-RcYIkRr3dnhI85UvbzG0mX9ZiHqX4395-0-cb756b66c38b7e9b7926bcb9506eedbb)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0006.jpg?sign=1739324582-kmX4Sr2b3gETum6LZTJ3ywxIXZmqeEBR-0-0a5ee13976bc1d218553301e5a9977b9)
4~6在触球的瞬间,球拍立起,击球的中部,用力要集中,向上方发力。整个动作要快速清晰。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:回接短球。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:和其他接短球的技术结合起来,可以直接得分。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:动作的相似性,出手快,发力集中。
(5)直拍反拉上旋球技术
1肘关节前顶,以肘关节为轴,拇指压拍,手腕适当放松,拍面立起,球拍位置比较高,拉球的中部偏上。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0043_0001.jpg?sign=1739324582-MIqOe1RWxKMe7fmgYEHcbVzex3hR4JMq-0-2fdf8fd191ce7269b28ae3ef39750684)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0043_0002.jpg?sign=1739324582-Bbn0vpTle81sAaIRnRySMYlpFSsTQ9Ie-0-0d670ad48cdff0d5e8b6958d6b16fa87)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0043_0003.jpg?sign=1739324582-IPHfHmEmUGr6T3fqZZnT2fV3POl5nbAc-0-2d835b873ba947f4b268bf32f5136915)
2~3手腕向上发力,前臂向前方挥动。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:对推中转反拉或反拉对方的上旋球。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:具有在相持中增加变化因素和进攻因素的作用,可以直接得分。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:顶肘,压拍,适当放松。
(6)直拍反打上旋球技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0044_0001.jpg?sign=1739324582-D6zaorG9gbSZNlTJsMJcRZMGxx3vgGaE-0-320e8183cc6567f34e60fbf09b10b825)
1直拍横打的引拍位置和反拉上旋球一样,不同之处是:拍头不下沉,肘关节不前顶,而是要沉肩坠肘。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0044_0002.jpg?sign=1739324582-T51P0RaQZfC4Lh5WagK82b4F46DfRkYX-0-295d8d4564a31d59d9721b52937bccc7)
2发力通过肘关节快速伸展和身体前迎来完成。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:出现机会球时。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:加强了反手进攻的能力。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:沉肩坠肘,肘关节快速伸展。
(7)发球后正手抢攻技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0045_0001.jpg?sign=1739324582-kLZhWmcCAB9xRy2qoWXUmFYDzMAoGLKY-0-fef7ca56bd4bc30c1040988d0c4332a7)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0045_0002.jpg?sign=1739324582-4Vx48nBMfO5xdpdpZUUi4ZO9ENBWwH8V-0-21e6db8f896a7a71871a7579472e96ac)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0045_0003.jpg?sign=1739324582-IKg5asXsrkKgV6D4VCoYKPZTeX0vfKjX-0-c6cbd8a85a3f986c6485f2cc5051290d)
1~3用预先想好的策略发侧旋球。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0045_0004.jpg?sign=1739324582-PGr2sBiPBl7F87QRR8BZiIrJZfKwbQuF-0-cae93136324a59b3fadd065989ffcd12)
4发球后对预计的回球线路进行再判断。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0046_0001.jpg?sign=1739324582-79BJPn7DaIrH6hg9q7I1Iglf2WqxeZBG-0-dfcb812ebbadfd796c2f94de2ade6428)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0046_0002.jpg?sign=1739324582-8iMxsR7hAvGL4JqDBWQMSd88sYTRTH9D-0-88de94d1817af71d4a34246f962c1974)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0046_0003.jpg?sign=1739324582-9UZf2yWSeWXsjmh6OIwOaIyFcbr6zdMB-0-498ca20ac32864ac69b87d5c5a62280f)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0046_0004.jpg?sign=1739324582-KEaoBsqFO6LX1P73yq3OVvcKmtYF2qAU-0-e6a99dd12be9f69662bf4eff21661353)
5~8扑正手位抢攻时,注意还原。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:发球后给对方接正手位的机会。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:给对方建立侧身位和正手位进攻能力都强的概念。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:发球时身体充分用力,使侧旋动作和侧下旋动作近似,用交叉步抢攻。
(8)发球正手侧身抢技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0047_0001.jpg?sign=1739324582-rLhCaVCz9RdGRwPGLK4dWMXwqRyqgkWn-0-67f0682103c34d4cc04a3a0c96486477)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0047_0002.jpg?sign=1739324582-nKpEgFzWw005xGiroh40vLIVcnIG9Rr3-0-8f3b2790ce87a7f336042ef2de38de99)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0047_0003.jpg?sign=1739324582-RV9lOn9pOV4AIqaoEFWGmAWhmvYxNjjD-0-96e0189a991c1bd9c8a4637dca5cd5c5)
1~3发下旋球。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0047_0004.jpg?sign=1739324582-G8j4Zmc9K4GrLBZsKtuaveColPjZRJmL-0-ad6c463d115b6e3050f07c135c0c5d97)
4判断来球线路。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0048_0001.jpg?sign=1739324582-lRUJAwfRt6w2zKTZEsBpUWcjmmMfJdIc-0-9749ddcd1da14b5a297d2f5654afacd4)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0048_0002.jpg?sign=1739324582-Ggxa4ahe7iR5WoIT7XIvUa67jl6v4tYn-0-d29d8566ca9ea0f6ab2f50a60ac203cf)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0048_0003.jpg?sign=1739324582-wmMcekSEOA9DimvNXRP3jPEe11W9065N-0-beecc91fd6cfc3bd674ae808924c135d)
5~7用左脚的侧跨步进行快速侧身,同时引拍和拉球。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:同前。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:同前。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:发球时身体充分用力,用跨步让位抢拉。
(9)正手位攻后转侧身攻技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0049_0001.jpg?sign=1739324582-SY7JGGqTn5AdTM8Y7iRMiO7M1oxgxQJh-0-160f814f47a19024aa8bc0ef1878b587)
1判断来球。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0049_0002.jpg?sign=1739324582-Rf42vzXi898YzC0PlBXorfeVBcQz521X-0-c81024d63bf2b7819b65a07f36ad5cd6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0049_0003.jpg?sign=1739324582-VRYWeHdCvIlfU8v8u50lEV8AIRiNWI72-0-06fd65dbb0a3b304ae8b611734fdbc8f)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0049_0004.jpg?sign=1739324582-XfrwaoCXQMSsJ8B4fSW1Ub08NxBHcov0-0-0342cb937ff941c4d32fc5b37ba005f1)
2~4用跨步到正手位进攻。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0001.jpg?sign=1739324582-aqqzVK46gvoAzLESaUBXANHcCnukZaSu-0-4ed622031644f5111cfda30595b46e9f)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0002.jpg?sign=1739324582-JDT1PEqdPze7wF5t7wSe71IR8XQjGTen-0-f9c344ee6685a2f789e48ca318e6085f)
5~6还原并注意盯球,保持连续进攻的可能。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0003.jpg?sign=1739324582-0bgzU2gBXnFsGbR762BrUx5f4NCQhDYx-0-dafa328c3624edcdf501b4cd0c937483)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0004.jpg?sign=1739324582-giM3rlMZg3NhSQ3YR3NVJD0h6N7AINkz-0-ab3a432d01e4d14a3b11741ad574a856)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0005.jpg?sign=1739324582-hF5IECB2EeNjcNLhKwy6D8auCkoRqgQ5-0-a87a466c59f7a30d989225d1b8dbabad)
7~9用并步让开位置,在侧身位继续实施进攻。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:在正手位进攻具有一定压力时,侧身进攻的机会就会出现。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:给对方以连续的打击。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:进攻要有落点控制,身体保持合理的移动。